stages of regional integration pdf

j��i^�eC�T��y��}�.�ϖ�]� ��x��5Qk�q�GK�dF�ZtxB9Tw�d��6v��#jL��ҒZ�?�t~�W]�Y�W�X�(�ŁbѶ�hd�C0�40��Op(8ݖ��S��r��v�ܖ�u��؃��mCa]8�� Free trade area. In contrast, as intra-Africa tariffs are higher, integration within Africa would support manufacturing and natural resources. Types of Regional Integration • Regional integration is a continuum, with economic interconnectedness progressing from a low level of integration—the free trade area — through higher levels to the most advanced form of integration—the political union . The integration processes are complex, due to the controversies that arise among its members. Stages of economic integration endobj >> Economic borders : any obstacle which limits the mobility of goods services and factors of production between countries. %PDF-1.5 �MFk�� t,:��.FW��8��c�1�L&��ӎ9�ƌa��X�:�� r�bl1� Economic integration, or regional integration, is an agreement among nations to reduce or eliminate trade barriers and agree on fiscal policies. ��v1f��C6��Đ>[�*W��Wp�5��ؔ�Ā�r�ԉ��34��i�X��^QJ��!��ug�9X��q��>�xn��eIIsl�~ all finally become the same along with the stages of economic integration. Regional economic integration has enabled countries to focus on issues that are relevant to their stage of development as well as encourage trade between neighbors. x��[mo�F�n��"�p_I� ��r@��vq��A�e[�%��\��%��JIAdI��y�e_�=��x��7Y��e��Y��O��vެ��M��6��ӓ��Ȃ��^�Y3?=��ӓ�퇳,��q'��|�3i��>�q��\0��%>��OO~�d��#Y�$�_r]�B��b�$�J.$KOr_��Xa�=!D�Q��2E��(2�Y��i��}"��*��0Q�H�T:m6(�h7�Z0�HZU��$Z)T:�)O4��͓��p��J�D{Fy�O�d��:��*��_�s��5�\�7�2ϧj�Dt�\!ƣ� Pj�D�SZ�S��6�� (x��q|��I��QRU��[�*��B��4`��9'��h�2�Oe$�җ�M�%��_'��2:�Đ��Ę A!��2�&_��I��oj�\v�ڰ2)��{�� (4) In reality, the Balassa’s five stages – or six stages, as also taking into consideration the above presumtive fiscal approach aren’t able to cover the European integration description, but just the liberal face of it. 3 0 obj {{{;�}�#�tp�8_\. Each of the eight (8) RECs recognized by the African Union has both legal and institutional frameworks for attaining its regional integration objectives, on behalf of its Member States. ?��:��0�FB�x$ !��i@ڐ��H��[EE1PL��⢖�V�6��QP��>�U�(j The timeline below identifies the major stages in the integration movement since the 1950's. separation between successive stages, as also criticized by Tsoukalis (2000). Institutional strengthening and free functioning of market rules. What Is Regional Economic Integration? Deepening of democratic government systems. Accepted 12 September, 2008 Regional integration is increasingly being accepted as essential in facilitating economic and political development. The stages of economic integration • The process of integration does not necessarily have to be gradual from one type to another Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The increase of trade between member states of economic unions is meant to lead to the increase of the GDP of its members, and hence, to better welfare. It was not until much later that the complementarity of regional economic integration They will also arrange key facts next to the appropriate stage (e.g. From its lowest to its higlhest formiis, initegrationi hias been said to Free trade.Tariffs (a tax imposed on imported goods) between member countries are significantly reduced, some abolished altogether. Member countries remove all barriers to trade between themselves but are free to independently determine trade policies with nonmember nations. Its first And a precision – Regional integration and Human development: a pathway for africa 5 Executive Summary increasing human development. There are four main types of regional economic integration. Economic Development and Regional Integration Details Hits: 24507 OUR VISION: This involves the transformation of the Region into an area of shared growth and development, an area of cooperation based on convergence of strategies and policies. integration stage identified in his model on the (economic and) monetary union. Write a short answer response on the difference between Federation and the successive The rest of the world is not discriminated 6. Clearly, the process of European integration within the EC has gone further than integration in other regional settings. Economic integration can be classified into five additive levels, each present in the global landscape:. Balassa’s five stages of regional integration 2) and breadth (i.e. *1 J�� "6DTpDQ��2(��C��"��Q��D�qp�Id�߼y�͛��~k��g�}ֺ ��LX ��X��ň��g`� l �p��B�F�|،l�� *�?�� Y"1 P��\�8=W�%�Oɘ�4M�0J�"Y�2V�s�,[|��e9�2��s��e��'�9��`��2�&c�tI�@�o�|N6 (��.�sSdl-c�(2�-�y �H�_��/X��Z.$��&\S��M��07�#�1ؙY�r f��Yym�";�8980m-m�(�]��v�^��D��W~� ��e��mi ]�P��`/ ��u}q�|^R��,g+��\K�k)/��C_|�R��ax�8�t1C^7nfz�D��p�柇��u�$��/�ED˦L L��[��B�@��ٹ��ЖX�! The pan-African developmental regional integration agenda has to do with regional integration for the political unification of Africa. Economic integration can be classified into five additive levels, each present in the global landscape:. %�� Free trade.Tariffs (a tax imposed on imported goods) between member countries are significantly reduced, some abolished altogether. There exists, for example, the euro area, the European Union and the European Free Trade Association/European Economic << Regional integration context The blueprint for regional integration is commonly taken from Balassa’s seminal book of … There are four main types of regional economic integration. However, the regional integration process is not necessarily smooth and linear. The phenomenon of regional integration. Economic space (tax, insurance and financial policies, customs tariffs, etc.) This is the most basic form of economic cooperation. 3 0 obj 2 From the literature3 and experience, some traditional and non-traditional gains from regional integration arrangements could be identified, including: 2.1 Traditional Gains from Regional Integration Arrangements Trade gains: If goods are sufficiently strong substitutes, regional trade agreements will cause the demand for third party goods to decrease, which will drive down prices. Lesson 1 Stages of Caribbean Integration. It lasted untilMay 31, 1962. Lesson 1: Stages in Regional Integration 1. Levels of Economic Integration. From its lowest to its higlhest formiis, initegrationi hias been said to All except the West Indies Federation are acronyms or abbreviations. �i��,iiQb,�ix Today, regional the number of countries concerned). 2 0 obj The West Indies Federation (WIF) was the first major effort at regional integration. \�F�4��C}�[�C!�'�>d�C7�3x��u�0d�9�"��5�vCѰs�%��i��L��l��J@�uq��M��B��bƺe� to take advantage of external developments. Regional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. Among the most outstanding features of the current processes of regional economic integration are: 1. As you research, be sure to … What Is Regional Economic Integration? 1. Regional integration is the process by which two or more nation-states agree to co-operate and work closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth. And, Section4summarize the arguments and concludes. Today, regional OVERVIEW OF RULES The global economic regime based on the GATT/WTO and IMF systems has sustained the world economy since World War II. Review the timeline carefully, noting the years for each stage. the Treaty of Rome, bolstered the notion of integration by creating a large internal market. Regional integration is a process in which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order to upgrade … What are the Advantages of Regional Economic Integration? Free trade area.This is the most basic form of economic cooperation. <> The primary objective of the Protocol establishing the Customs Union is to facilitate inter and intra regional trade in goods. The Integration Movement in the Caribbean at Crossroads: Towards a New Approach of Integration Uziel Nogueira Series April 1997. /Filter /FlateDecode regional integration highlighting the need for a new approach. [/ICCBased 3 0 R] i��3ձ�x�常�'Ҡ�x� J�� %��v��?sso��dZIPeɴ��}�2ve��9v�!��BK�-��k�Ll�7:��ˠ��K�kZ��5��P�XF�3E�!&�ؗ�8�ЧU�O!�UG��c>ħ>�9�VW`�k�[��#GtM�\��)m��,품¢9��bMV��v��.t-3~j��NdCQ��j3��e?ڬAd�DiǸ��VO�%5��KE��~�N��4�k��@�g{��+��r[��bS��f��n>C#^sp�I��y��&)��? Economic Development and Regional Integration Details Hits: 24507 OUR VISION: This involves the transformation of the Region into an area of shared growth and development, an area of cooperation based on convergence of strategies and policies. The pan-African developmental regional integration agenda has to do with regional integration for the political unification of Africa. opportunities for more inclusive regional integration dynamics in areas such as infrastructure investments and cross-border movements of goods, people and finance. The Theory and Nature of Regional Integration Balassa s five stages of economic integr ation (Balassa (1961)) constituted a free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union and total economic integration. %PDF-1.7 In Section3, it is argued that a three dimensional approach for evaluating regional integration projects is suitable, the South American region is chosen as the case of study. Regional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. In the main, people-to-people relations should be prioritised. However, it seems fair to say that collective decision-making is an important aspect of all regional integration efforts. 2. <>>> <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> A relatively loose definition may be better for comparative studies. endobj Experiences in Europe alone illustrate how regional integration may take very different forms, both in terms of depth (i.e. • Synergies - the total output of the integrated Free trade area. 1.2. The Treaty establishing the East African Community then names as subsequent stages of EAC integration the establishment of a Common Market, then a Monetary Union and ultimately a Political Federation. Another important finding is a direct link between the dynamics of macro- and micro-economic parameters such as the evolution of industrial clusters and the GDP's temporal and spatial dynamics. This paper represents the opinions of the author, and is the product of professional research. As Laffan, O Donnell and Sm ith (2000) note, Balassa s view of a ��e~��U� qC�,��M��gN��Ɲ�l8��>ꝥ�gNmo�F��3��XQ�Lq��lj5 ��)Y�L�S�AyW�H Experiences in Europe alone illustrate how regional integration may take very different forms, both in terms of depth (i.e. Economic integration, or regional integration, is an agreement among nations to reduce or eliminate trade barriers and agree on fiscal policies. (1) First of all, now, in 2012, the economic and monetary union is done, Regional Integration in Central Africa: Key Issues Africa Region Working Paper Series No. However, the regional integration process is not necessarily smooth and linear. 52 June 2003 Abstract he CEMAC,(Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale), is one of the oldest regional arrangements in Africa, consisting of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. It implies the elimination of economic boarders between countries. stream Levels of Economic Integration. Figure 1: 12 Case Studies of Regional Power Integration Schemes PJM SIEPAC UCTE ... at different stages of development Power Exchange Trading Agreement Investment projects underway Consistent supply since 1997 Imposition of social and PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. For example, progresses have been uneven, so far, among the eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) recognized by the African Union Commission (AUC) 3 and supposed to be the building block of regional integration in Africa. 2. Therefore in order to fully understand and appreciate the importance of these efforts at integration, , a review at all levels is important. In both developed and developing countries,the amount of trade covered byRT As has ncreasei d and expanded since 1990s. /N 3 Ironically, the arguable part of the author’s elaboration arises from the same part of the paper. For example, progresses have been uneven, so far, among the eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) recognized by the African Union Commission (AUC) 3 and supposed to be the building block of regional integration … /Length 2596 The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) became the champion of regional integration, already in the mid-1960s proposing the division of Africa into regions for the purposes of economic development. logo, main signatories, where signed). They will also arrange key facts next to the appropriate stage (e.g. 3. x��wTS��Ͻ7�P��khRH �H�. At the end of Lesson 1, students will arrange the integration stages on the simplified timeline. MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIRST STAGE OF INTEGRATION Article 8 of the Treaty of Rome provided for the completion of a common market over a transitional period of 12 years, in three stages, ending on 31 December 1969. �|�A��b��g�D��Q>��!�;��U�u��b�d +��p��ߎd�2�&��r��G=H��`�Ew� ��{�Ar\�%��c��|Q��ąc�mj�aF�5ƦI-&¾|* B�W��YS'�wi}M��G�M]x/>l��ֽ��D�!�_ ��eT�k&�gڑ � The West Indies Federation (WIF) was the first major effort at regional integration. The WIF was established in 1956 by the British Federation Act and came into effect on January 3, 1958. Usually integration involves one or more written agreements that describe the areas of cooperation in detail, as well as some coordinating bodies representing the countries involved. endobj What Is Regional Economic Integration? The stages of economic integration • The process of integration does not necessarily have to be gradual from one type to another Africa’s regional integration in historical perspective After independence regional integration became a pillar of Africa’s developmental strategy. Q?�`�'��ϭލc��c��*V��h5g�Ns�Ҋ�-M�,z�ڱ�v�@VUK&�Hޣ9i'��b��7�C��gB�)��/� It lasted untilMay 31, 1962. Regional Integration in Africa Trudi Hartzenberg Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa (tralac) Manuscript date: October 2011 Disclaimer: This is a working paper, and hence it represents research in progress. Types of Regional Integration • Regional integration is a continuum, with economic interconnectedness progressing from a low level of integration—the free trade area — through higher levels to the most advanced form of integration—the political union . Regional integration is a multifaceted process, whereby sovereign nation-states establish common political, legal, economic, and social institutions for collective governance. OVERVIEW OF RULES The global economic regime based on the GATT/WTO and IMF systems has sustained the world economy since World War II. stages of integration going form FTA to political integration 2. objective ... To exclude regional exploitation of zero tariffs within the FTA there is a rule of certificate of origin for the goods originating from the territory of a member state of an FTA. Regional economic integration has enabled countries to focus on issues that are relevant to their stage of development as well as encourage trade between neighbors. 17 Another possibility which arises from the use of this measure is that it can be used in relation to a regression chart constructed by K. Deutsch, L. Bliss, and A. Eckstein to provide an estimate of the distance to be traveled before reaching the ceiling of intraregional trade if a group were in fact a single state of comparable size. As Laffan, O Donnell and Sm ith (2000) note, Balassa s view of a this would benefit the growing number of agricultural and All the articles you read in this site are contributed by users like you, with a single vision to liberate knowledge. Usually integration involves one or more written agreements that describe the areas of cooperation in detail, as well as some coordinating bodies representing the countries involved. �� ͈'|@BH��,T�7M�nm�⦝��.��k�ͳFg-fP7��w�w6NʯP!e1wr�dҎ�oUY��ňc�2N�G��+g�K��/,mՓ�i5�o�`��:��'[�69�g@�@>A�G��c��@Ϩ��|qV�Y�"��z\Ш�^2 An example is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). �@��R�t C��X��CP�%CBH@�R��f�[�(t� C��Qh�z#0 ��Z�l�`O8��28.��p|�O×�X Working Paper 1. It implies the elimination of economic boarders between countries. 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